The first ship steering wheel is widely believed to have been implemented at the beginning of the 18th century, around 1703. This date is only conjecture, however, based on several known ships of that time that are seen to make use of early versions of the ship wheel. The ship steering wheel may have been invented long before 1703, but the first real implementations of it are simply seen around this date. For this reason it is difficult to say for sure without proper documentation of the event. There are several ships that show early implementations of the steering wheel from 1702 - 1715 such as the Russel, and the Ossory, but ships such as the Gloucester were manufactured during the same time and still made use of a whip staff. It is safe to say the ship's wheel as we know it today was invented in the early 18th century, but the exact date still remains a mystery.
The First Ship Steering Wheels
When ship steering wheels made their first appearance, they were placed above the "tiller's end" and a bit behind the "mizzen mast". However, because the ship steering wheel was positioned this way, the sailor steering the ship had an obstructed view of what lay in front of the ship. The steering wheel was also typically placed behind a large round object such as a wooden drum or barrel for balance. Due to the heavy steering of the ship, the wheel often required two separate men to push and pull together in order to steer effectively. Unfortunately, having two men steering the ship simultaneously in a small space often had them colliding and jockeying for position. This kind of conflict caused many ships to start being manufactured with two separate ship wheels in order to accommodate two men steering simultaneously.
In addition to these problems, early wheels also suffered the problem of not having equal amounts of slack and tightening on both ends of the tiller rope. A common symptom of this problem was the wheels could not be centered as they were originally, causing the ships to drift one way or the other without an adequate amount of control. It took about 70 years until Pollard, Master Boat builder at Portsmouth Dockyard, would introduce a new system to address this flaw in design. This new invention made use of what were called sweeps and rowles. This new method of keeping the ship centered was tested by Captain Bentinck in the early 1770's. After years of testing, the sweeps and rowles became standard on new ships built after 1775.
The ship steering wheel's history remains shrouded by discrepancies and mysterious implementations. However, the ship's wheel is forever emblematic to model ship collectors as a logo of nautical culture. Not only does this significant artifact maintain its place in history, it also serves many modern day collectors as a necessary part of any tropical decor collection.
Nautical Decor - Why Ship Steering Wheels?
Tropical Home Decor - Ship Steering Wheels Over Time
Nautical Home Decor - Ship Steering Wheels Over Time
Syndication